二十世纪先锋派诗歌的视觉呈像

The Visual Image in the 20^(th) Century's Avant-Garde Poetry

通过对20世纪先锋派诗歌的分析,从先锋派诗歌视觉化表现和诗歌视觉意象的营造两方面来探究图像语汇如何作用于先锋派诗歌的创作和意象表达。经过对埃兹拉·庞德(Ezra Pound)为领导的早期先锋派诗歌中意象派诗歌作品的解读,以及中后期"无文字"视觉诗歌的图形心理暗示的研究,推理出先锋派诗歌的视觉传达目的是追寻一种视觉表现工具的语言意识,并把文本的丰富思维引入视觉形式。在先锋派诗歌的发展中,诗歌创作的标准化和文本的荷载更多地被图形的隐喻和象征所改变,更具符号性。视觉化的诗歌意象相较传统诗歌意象的虚拟共情和空间想象转变得更具体和强烈。诗歌的批判性在印刷等先进而多样的媒体上得到了更灵动的发挥与存续,先锋意识也经由更感性的视觉符号来演绎和传递。先锋派诗歌在跨两个世纪、近百年的重要贡献之一就在于把诗歌引离文本,让诗歌语言从文字信息成为视像,进而成就激情的视觉阅读带来思想和情感满足。

By analyzing the 20^(th) century's avant-garde poetry, the present article explores how images work for the writing and image expression of avant-garde poetry in such two aspects as visual representation and visual image in avant-garde poetry. By interpreting the imagist poems written by Ezra Pound in early avant-garde poetry as well as studying the graphic psychological hints in middle and late visual poetry, it is concluded that the visual expression of avant-garde poetry aims at seeking the language awareness for visual instrument and introducing visual forms to the abundant thinking of text. During the development of avant-garde poetry, the standardization of poetry writing and the load of texts have been more changed by image metaphor and symbolism, which is more semiotic. Visualized images are more concrete and intense compared to traditional images. Criticism in poetry has remained and been given full scope to in sophisticated and diverse media, and avant-garde awareness has also been conveyed in more emotional visual signs. One of significant contributions made by avant-garde poetry during the one hundred years spanning two centuries is to deviate poetry to text, transferring poetic language from information to visual images, and further achieving ideological and emotional satisfaction by passionate visual reading.