“基于证据”:现代教育智库功能的提升——对欧美研究生教育改革中EUA和CGS的案例分析

"Evidence-Based" :How Educational Think Tanks Make Capability Build——Case Studies on EUA and CGS Contextualized in Graduate Education Reforms

现代智库已告别早期智库以政策研究为核心功能的定位,而是以提升全球竞争力为目标、构建多元的政策网络、强调"基于证据"的智库作用,以研究和数据为支撑在知识与政策之间发挥桥梁作用。欧洲大学联盟(EUA)和美国研究生院联席会(CGS)是两个在欧美研究生教育改革中"基于证据"的作用机制较有代表性的智库机构。EUA的案例揭示了教育智库如何以"项目"为依托积极介入政策过程,并与决策者、大学和其他机构构建"政策伙伴关系"而共同推动改革进程;CGS的案例着重分析了教育智库知识-政策转化的"TVND模型",即现代智库如何通过政策研究(Thinking)、政策倡导(Voicing)、联系网络(Networking)、实践改进(Doing)四个维度发挥直接与间接的政策影响力。这对当前我国智库的建设都提供了有效的借鉴价值。

The critical significance of think tanks in modern society lies in their role of bridging the gap between knowledge and policy.In this article,two case studies demonstrate how European Universities Association（EUA）and Council of Graduate Schools（CGS）make＂evidence-based＂policy impact in graduate education reforms as educational think tanks.The case of EUA reveals how projects enable the think tank to involve actively in the policy process and shape policies through＂partnerships＂-with diverse players in the policy networks.The case of CGS examines the four-dimensional TVND Model about how the think tank produces and transfers policy-oriented knowledge through＂thinking＂＂voicing＂＂networking＂and＂doing＂.EUA and CGS’examples in this study indicate that educational think tanks have shifted from the conventional＂doing research,submitting report and then known＂approach to a new paradigm that is more proactive,interactive,collaborative and comprehensive,which sheds light on the ongoing development of new educational think tanks in China.