“教”与“学”:学校教育的博弈与回归

"Teaching" and "Learning" :The Game and Return of School Education

"教"与"学"是学校教育中最为核心的一对范畴。"学"为中心是中国教育的文化基因。随着封建集权社会的强化和科举考试制度的盛行,中国教育逐步演化成"教"为中心的范式,班级授课制度将"教"为中心的学校教育机械化、程式化和制度化。当前,我国教育的改革与发展正步入一个全新的历史阶段,学校教育隐含的诸多深层次矛盾渐次浮现。教育将在"否定之否定"的钟摆中回归"学"的本源,并将在机制层面上实现两大转轨:从"苦学"向"乐学"转轨、从"传授"向"引导"转轨。

＂Teaching＂and＂learning＂are the most central categories in school education.Looking back at the history of education,it is easy to find that＂learning＂used to be the cultural gene of education in China.Later,the education in China has gradually evolved into a＂teaching-centered＂paradigm with the intensificaiton of the feudal centralized society and the prevalence of the imperial examination system.The classroom-based teaching system has made the＂teaching-centered＂school education more mechanized,structured and institutionalized.Currently,the reform and development of China＇s education is entering a new historical stage,and many deep-rooted contradictions implied in school education are gradually emerging.Education will return to the origin of＂learning＂from the pendulum of＂the negation of negation＂,and realize two major transitions at the mechanism level：from＂painful learning＂to＂happy learning＂and from＂teaching＂to＂guidance＂.