毛孢子菌研究进展

Current knowledge on Trichosporon spp.

近年来，随着免疫功能缺陷患者的增多，毛孢子菌已经成为临床上越来越重要的条件致病菌，医务工作者应该提高对毛孢子菌的重视和认识。本文从分类、毒力因子及致病机制、毛孢子菌感染、实验室诊断方法及抗菌药物敏感性和治疗等方面对毛孢子菌进行了系统全面的综述。阿萨希毛孢子菌是造成侵袭性感染的主要致病菌，生物膜的形成和多种酶的分泌促进毛孢子菌逃脱抗真菌药物的杀伤作用和宿主的免疫应答。基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱对毛孢子菌的鉴定具有准确、快速和低成本的优点，唑类药物是侵袭性毛孢子菌感染的一线治疗药物。

In recent years, with the increasing of immunocompromised patients, Trichosporon spp. has become a more and more significant clinical opportunistic pathogen. Medical staff should enhance the clinical awareness to this pathogen. In this paper, the classification, virulence factor and pathogenic mechanism, infections, diagnostic methods of laboratory, antifungal susceptibility and treatment of Trichosporon spp. were reviewed systematically. Trichosporon asahii is the major pathogen of invasive infections. Biofilm formation and enzyme production will promote its ability to escape from antifungal drugs and host immune responses. Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry has the advantages of accurate, fast and low cost for identification of Trichosporon spp. , and zoles is the first-line treatment for invasive infections.