Ⅰ型变态反应过敏原体外诊断现状

Current status of allergy diagnostic testing in vitro of type Ⅰ allergy

Ⅰ型变态反应是由IgE抗体介导的速发型过敏反应，采用简便、快速且精准的过敏原特异性IgE抗体检测手段可明确患者致敏原，对于过敏性疾病的预防、诊断、治疗均具重要意义。本文通过对Ⅰ型变态反应的过敏原特异性IgE抗体体外诊断不同技术进行阐述，对影响诊断结果的重要因素进行分析，对过敏原特异性IgE抗体体外诊断今后的发展趋势进行展望，以期帮助临床医生在Ⅰ型变态反应的体外诊断实践过程中选择更为合适的体外检测手段，更好地理解过敏原特异性免疫球蛋白E检测与临床症状之间的内在联系。

TypeⅠ allergy is one type of allergic reaction mediated by IgE antibody. Simple, rapid and accurate allergen detection method can be used to identify the allergen of patients, which is of great significance for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of allergic diseases. In this article, different techniques for in vitro diagnosis of allergen specific IgE antibodies in type Ⅰ allergic reactions were described, important factors affecting in vitro diagnosis of allergens were analyzed, and the future development trend of in vitro diagnosis of allergen specific IgE antibodies were prospected. In order to help clinicians to select more suitable in vitro detection methods in the process of in vitro diagnosis of type Ⅰ allergy and to better understand the internal relationship between the allergen specific IgE detection report and clinical symptoms.