微塑料污染现状及对海洋生物影响的研究进展

Progress on the Microplastics Pollution Status and Its Effects on Marine Organisms

综述了微塑料的主要来源、空间分布及我国水体和沉积物中微塑料的污染现状,以及微塑料与有机污染物的复合污染影响,并从海洋生物摄食微塑料、微塑料与污染物的复合生态风险、微塑料对水生生物的承载作用、微塑料在食物链中的传递及对人类健康的风险4个方面探讨了微塑料对海洋生物的影响。指出,采样方法和分析技术的标准化、微塑料-污染物复合体的毒性效应机制、微塑料对人类健康风险的评估是未来的重点研究方向。

This study reviewed the main sources, spatial distribution of microplastics and the pollution status of water bodies and sediments in China, as well as the combined effects of microplastics and organic pollutants. Additionally, we also explored the effect of microplastics on the ocean through four aspects： the marine organisms ingestion for microplastics, the composite ecological risk of microplastics and pollutants, the carrier role of microplastics for aquatic organisms, the transmission of microplastics in the food chain and the risks to human health. It is pointed out that the standardization of sampling methods and analytical techniques, the toxic mechanism of microplastic-contaminant complexes, and the assessment of human health risks by microplastics are the key research focus in the future.