改革开放40年政府职能转变的演进过程

The Evolution Process of the Transformation of Government Functions over the 40 Years′ Reform and Opening-Up in China

本文基于事件系统理论提炼推动政府职能转变的"关键事件集",凝练了改革开放40年政府职能转变演进的特征。发现政府职能转变动力来自社会领域的民生诉求,经济领域的市场需求,行政领域的执政追求;职能转变的渐进性改革发端于自下而上的社会经济关键事件和自上而下的国家战略发展目标,酝酿于试点区域由开放政策激发的社会经济活动与传统管理方式的建设性冲突,成熟于对试点经验的应用推广,固化于国家行政机关的机构改革与职能再定位;职能转变的过程性结果是通过阶段性重置行政系统功能,持续优化社会活动、经济活动与行政环境之间的互动关系,不断优化社会、经济与行政的"合法性"边界,将有效经验凝练为中国特色社会主义治理模式的构成元素。

Based on the event system theory, this research summarizes the key event group that promotes the transformation of government functions and probes into the evolution characteristics of such transformation over 40 years＇ economic reform. According to our analysis, the transformation of government functions is motivated by the demands for better livelihood in the social sphere, the market demands in the economic sphere and the governing pursuit in the administrative sphere. When it comes to the gradual reforms on the transformation of government functions, they originated from bottomup key socioeconomic events and topdown national strategic development goals. Furthermore, these reforms are also prepared in the constructive conflicts between the socioeconomic activities and the traditional management methods that are activated by openingup policies in pilot areas. The demonstration of relevant pilot experiences enabled the reforms to be mature enough, and the institutional restructuring and the functional repositioning of national administrative organizations solidified the reforms. As for the procedural results of the transformation of government functions, they touch upon the phased reset of administrative system functions, the constant optimization of social activities as well as the interactions between economic activities and administrative environment. By constantly exploring society and the border of ＂legality＂ between economy and administration, all effective experiences can be summarized as the component elements of a governance model of socialism with Chinese characteristics.