改革开放40年:中国人口性别失衡治理的成就与挑战

40 Years of Reform and Opening-Up:Achievements and Challenges of Gender Imbalance Governance in China

改革开放以来,中国人口性别失衡问题开始显现并愈渐严重,近十年才逐步缓解。为应对性别失衡问题,中国在过去40年间依托"关爱女孩行动"构建了多层次性别失衡治理框架,并在社会发展制度、公共政策制定等相关方面均取得长足进展。随着治理工作的推进,出生性别比持续偏高态势得以遏制,但性别失衡长期累积的后果随着风险人群的出现逐渐凸显、扩散,中国正在步入性别失衡社会。在当前社会发展转型的重要时期,性别失衡问题进一步与低生育率、人口老龄化、流动人口等社会问题相互交织,形势愈发严峻复杂。长远来看,性别失衡不仅是中国建设可持续发展的社会、实现第二个百年奋斗目标必须面对的重要考验,作为一个全球化问题,同时也是全人类必须面对的共同挑战。因此,未来中国应进一步完善性别失衡的社会治理体系与国际合作体系,在解决中国性别失衡问题的同时交流治理经验,在人类命运共同体面前展现中国担当。

Since the reform and openingup, China＇s gender imbalance situation has begun to appear and become increasingly serious, though it has gradually eased in the past decade. In order to address the problem of gender imbalance, China has built a multilevel gender imbalance governance framework based on the ＂Care for Girls Campaign＂ in the past 40 years, and it has made great progress in terms of relevant social development systems and public policies. Although the higher level of sex ratio at birth had been controlled, the consequences of longterm accumulation of gender imbalances have gradually become prominent and spread along with the risk groups. As a result, China has entered a gender imbalance society. In the period of social development and transformation, the problem of gender imbalance is further intertwined with other social changes including low fertility, population aging and migration, and the scenario is increasingly serious and complicated. In the long run, gender imbalance is not only an important challenge for China＇s development of a sustainable society and achieving the goal of the second hundred years （19492049）. As a global issue, it is also a common challenge of human being. Therefore, in the future, China should further improve the social governance system of gender imbalance and the international cooperation system, exchange experience of governance while solving the problem of China＇s gender imbalance, and show China＇s role in front of a community of shared future for mankind.