历史教育视角下项羽形象与地位考察——兼谈历史教育的方向

A review on Xiang Yu's image and status from the perspective of historical education——On the direction of history education

作为历史上一位英雄人物,项羽的社会认可度很高,然而在历史教科书中却用笔寥寥,形象上透着反面人物的印痕。通过梳理近一个世纪的历史教科书可以发现,这种状况起于辛亥革命胜利之后,而在"文革"期间达到一个极点,改革开放以后仍影响了十几年之久。可以从普及教育分科教学后历史教育专业化的不当及革命氛围下阶级分析思路的过分泛滥两个方面来解释这一现象。尽管本世纪新课改后历史教科书中项羽的形象已经回归常态,但这一现象本身却警醒我们,历史教育固然需要在宏大叙事中体会兴衰之道,然而同样也需要来自深入历史人物生活情境、复杂内心较量的微观启示。两者并重,历史教育方得回归正途。

As a historical hero,Xiang Yu has been widely accepted.But there is little record on him in historical textbook,and described as a negative character.A review on recent one hundred-year historical textbook has shown that the situation came into being since Xinhai Revolution and came to climax in the Great Cultural Revolution.After 1978,it still has influence till now.The reasons lie in the ill-professionalization of historical education and the inappropriate class analysis.In the new century,Xiang Yu’s image has come back to normal.But the story reminds that laws do lie in the great background,but the micro-context should not be neglected as well.