默克尔政府参与全球安全治理的制约因素及启示

The Constraints of the Merkel Administration's Participation in Global Security Governance and Their Inspirations for China

冷战结束后,随着综合国力和国际地位的提升,德国开始不断介入到全球安全治理领域中,默克尔执政后这一步伐明显加快。但默克尔政府在参与全球安全治理时面临着许多制约因素:历史记忆和二战遗产、党派之间的掣肘和冲突、公众舆论的影响、维护西方联盟团结的需要,这些因素极大限制了默克尔政府参与全球安全治理的力度。德国政府在参与全球安全治理时务必要注意以下两个问题:对安全政策进行系统性辩论,明确国家安全利益;平衡好国内政治与国际社会期望之间的关系。中国也是全球安全治理的重要力量,中德参与全球安全治理的共同点有:在全球安全治理中,中德都强调多边协作和遵守国际秩序、国际法的重要性;都强调谨慎使用武力,以政治方式解决安全危机;都深受本国历史记忆和文化传统的影响;都面临着如何平衡国际社会期望与自身发展之间的问题。中国参与全球安全治理的对策建议主要有推动国际组织在全球安全治理中的重要作用;积极为全球安全治理提供中国方案,贡献中国智慧;推动"一带一路"安全治理工作的开展。

After the end of the Cold War, with the promotion of comprehensive national strength and international status, Germany began to step into the field of global security management. After Merkel came into power, Germany accelerated this pace. But the global security governance of Merkel administration faces many constraints: historical memory and the heritage of World War II, partisan conflicts, public opinion, and the need of maintaining the solidarity of Western coalition, and these factors greatly limit the Merkel administration's efforts in global security governance.The Germany government must pay attention to the following two issues when participating in global security governance: the clarification of national security interests based on a systematic debate on the security policy, and the balance between domestic politics and international expectations. As an important force of global security governance, China shares commonalities with Germany in their emphasis of multilateral cooperation and international law, in their prudent use of force and political way of resolving crisis, in their being affected by national historical memories and cultural traditions, and in their problem of balancing international expectations and their own development. China's measures in participating in global security governance include suggesting the promotion of the international organizations' role in global security governance, providing a Chinese program for global security governance with Chinese wisdom, and implementing the"Belt and Road"security governance.