民航飞行员飞行技能维度的构建

Flight skill dimension construction for civil aviation pilot

传统飞行技能只强调"一杆两舵"的操作,但随着机载设施和自动化水平的不断提高,机组飞行人员间的沟通协调等其他飞行技能要素也需迫切关注。只有充分明确飞行技能的构成要素,才能进一步提高飞行员的飞行技能。通过对不同阶段飞行员飞行技能的文献归纳,并结合相关规章要求,得出飞行员飞行技能的20个组成要素,并根据统计学中探索性因子分析方法对飞行员飞行技能调查数据进行分析,获得航线飞行员应具备飞行技能的5个维度,即操作性和稳定性、特殊飞行控制、飞行监控、信息决策、机组资源管理,为提高民航飞行员飞行技能提供理论支持。

Traditional flight technique only emphasizes the operation of ＇one pole and two rudders＇ ; however, with the continuous improvement of airborne facilities and automation level, the communication and coordination problems among crew members urgently need to be concerned. Only by fully defining the components of flight technique can the pilots＇ flight skill be further improved. By combining the related literature at different stages, flight skill characteristics are summarized with 20 components of pilot flight skill. With exploratory factor analysis method, the pilot flight technique is mathematically analyzed. Five aspects of airline pilot flight skill are obtained, namely operability and stability, special flight control, flight monitoring, information decision-making as well as crew resource management, providing theoretical support for pilot flight skill improvement.