明朝对西藏地方政教首领的册封及其演变

Conferring the Local Political and Religious Leaders of Tibet and Its Evolution during Ming Dynasty

作为维系西藏地方与中央政府属领关系最重要的桥梁,册封既具有"以通使命"的政治目的,又体现出"闻其道行卓异,至是遣人征之"的浓厚宗教色彩。明朝中后期,由于皇室与朝臣在"册"与"废"上的分歧日益突出,册封在"无益于治道"的反对声浪中退出主要历史舞台,但随着藏传佛教格鲁派在蒙古的迅速传播,册封番僧的策略转而被运用于"开导虏众,易暴为良"的政治需要,中央政府"兴黄教,即所以安众蒙古"的先河也由此开启。

As the most important bond between the Tibetan local government and the Central government,the conferring titles had both the political purpose of ＂delivering the mission＂,and it indicates the religious purpose of conquering. A controversy debate was provoked amongst royal family and ministers during the late Ming dynasty regarding conferring titles,and some believe that it is essential to keep the conferring tradition,but others think it should be abolished. As a result of the debate,the conferring tradition was stepped down from the stage of history as it has very limited contribution towards governance. However,the conferring tradition was revitalized as Gelokpa sect was rapidly spread in Mongolia.The policy of conferring was applied to enlighten the public,educating the unruly in the hope of goodness,and to appease the Mongolian as pacification policy.