积极一般预防与故意内涵的客观化趋势分析

On the Positive General Prevention and the Objectification Change in the Connotation of Intention Theory

从心理层面事实地理解故意的构造,不仅存在证明困难,而且可能导致个案处理不公。随着责任阶层由心理责任论转向规范责任论,再到近年来功能责任论的勃兴,在责任阶层当中融入预防必要性的考察已经成为不可逆的趋势。出于积极一般预防的需要,责任层面的判断逐渐由行为人标准转向一般人标准。故意的规范化与客观化也成为理论和司法实践的趋势,有利于解决实践中的问题,降低证明要求。另一方面,故意的客观化也可能导致责任主义的违反以及故意、过失界限的模糊,在运用上需要谨慎。

It is difficult to prove the mechanism of intention from psychological perspective and it may result in the injustice of certain cases as well. As the culpability has moved from the theory of psychological culpability to a normative one and the rise of functional theory in recent years, it is an inevitable trend to infuse culpability with prevention. Considering the positive general prevention, the yardsticks of culpability has been changing from defendants to general people.The normalization and objectification of the criminal intention is a trend in theoretical study and juridical practice, which is available to solve the real problems and reduce the difficulty of identification. On the other hand, the objectification of intention may violent the theory of culpability and blur the classification of intention and fault, which requires cautiousness in juridical practice.