中国古代海洋文明与海洋战略概述

A Brief Account of Ancient Chinese Marine Civilization and Ocean Strategy

中华文明不仅包含农业文明、游牧文明,也包含海洋文明。海洋文明、游牧文明和农业文明共同构成了中国的古代文明。中国人有自己的航海传统和海洋观念,并在历史发展过程中走出了与西方不一样的海洋道路。研究表明：从公元前3世纪到15世纪中,中华民族的古代航海事业与航海技术居于世界领先地位。自秦代起,海上军事力量的强大就已经与国防安全、国家兴衰紧密结合起来,以后的朝代也以海外岛屿作为国家安全的屏障。自古以来,中国统治者对国防安全物资和民生物资实行垄断经营,对海外贸易实行垄断经营,以非暴力方式经营海上力量。同时,对海外领土和海外藩属较为忽视,对海外移民实行严格控制,对西方来华贸易采取行商管理模式,实行海禁政策。

Chinese civilization not only contains agricultural civilization,nomadic civilization,but also contains marine civilization. Marine civilization,nomadic civilization and agricultural civilization together constitute China ＇ s ancient civilization. Chinese people have their own maritime traditions and maritime ideas,and have developed different maritime road with the West in the course of historical development. Studies show that from the 3 rd century to the15 th century,the ancient Chinese maritime industry and navigation technology had been in the world＇ s leading position. Since the Qin Dynasty,the military strength of the sea had connected closely with the national defense security and the rise and fall of the country,and later dynasties had taken overseas islands as a national security barrier.Since ancient times,the Chinese rulers had monopoly business on the national defense security material,the people’s livelihood as well as the overseas trade,operating the maritime forces in a non-violent manner.At the same time,the overseas territories and overseas vassals had been neglected,the overseas immigrants had been control strictly,the Western trade in China had been carried in business management model,and the sea ban policy had been in implementation.