中国硝酸盐脆弱区划分与面源污染阻控

Nitrate Vulnerable Zones and strategies of non-point pollution mitigation in China

近年来,我国由农业源引发的水体污染愈发严重,这不仅对生态环境造成了影响,同时也让人类赖以生存的饮用水安全受到威胁。因此,如何有效阻控农业面源污染,保护水资源和生态安全意义重大。欧美等国家通过划分硝酸盐和磷污染风险区,以此为依据制定了相关区域法案政策,实施重点区域面源污染阻控和水污染防治,获得了很好的面源污染消减效果。因此,本文分析了欧美等国家通过划分硝酸盐脆弱区制定区域养分管理法案法规,消减水体硝酸盐面源污染风险的经验;阐述了我国硝酸盐脆弱区初步划分的结果,提出了我国针对硝酸盐脆弱区的农业面源污染区域阻控的建议,旨在为我国农业绿色发展和绿色生态环境构建提供科学依据。

Water contamination caused by agricultural source pollution has become more severe in recent years in China. This was not only impacted the ecological protection and but also put the safety of drink water in danger. Therefore, controlling the agricultural non-point and point pollution effectively is of great significance to secure sustainable water use and ecological environment protection.. The European Union （EU） and United States of America （USA） identified the regions which were sensitive to nitrate and phosphorus losses, and based on this developed the region specific nutrient managenmnt strategies. Through implement agricultural non-point source control and water pollution prevention practices in the nitrate vulnerable zone, the water contamination has been greatly improved in the EU member. In this study, we analyzed the how the EU countries setup region specific nutrient management practices based on the design of the nitrate vulnerable zones, and draws on the lessons about non-point pollution management from the experience from these countries. The first preliminary results of Nitrate Vulnerable Zones of in China has been showed. We also put forward some targeted advice on pollution prevention and control, aiming at contributing to the agricultural green development and the construction of green ecological environment.