黄淮海地区商品鸡饲料中重金属含量特征研究

Characteristics of heavy metals in chicken feedingstuff of the Huang-huai-hai Region

为了从源头有效控制家禽养殖重金属污染,本文调查了黄淮海地区(北京、天津、河南、河北、山东、江苏、安徽)180个商品鸡饲料样品,分析了不同省市、不同养殖品种和不同生育期饲料中Mn、Cu、Zn、Cr、Ni、Cd、Pb和As 8种重金属含量特征。结果表明:黄淮海地区鸡饲料中重金属含量变化幅度较大,饲料样品中Cr、Mn、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd和Pb含量范围分别为0.05~9.91、52.59~726.68、0.02~6.84、12.74~458.70、34.09~594.78、0.01~3.98、0.01~1.96 mg·kg^(-1)和0.02~10.76 mg·kg^(-1),与我国《鸡饲养标准》(NY/T 33—2004)含量相比,饲料样品Mn、Cu、Zn超标率分别为99.1%、100%、69.0%,与《饲料卫生标准》(GB 13078—2001)含量相比,饲料样品中Pb、Cd含量超标率为39.7%、23.50%。不同省市鸡饲料中重金属的含量存在一定差异,总体上来看,安徽省鸡饲料中重金属含量最高,天津市鸡饲料中含量最低。蛋鸡Mn、Cu、Zn含量最大检出量分别为680.86、458.70、580.27 mg·kg^(-1),肉鸡Mn、Cu、Zn含量最大检出量分别达到726.68、399.07、594.78 mg·kg^(-1),蛋鸡和肉鸡饲料中Mn、Cu、Zn平均含量均超过我国《鸡饲养标准》。总体来看,产蛋期蛋鸡饲料中重金属含量最高,中后期肉鸡饲料中重金属含量较高。

In order to strengthen source control of heavy metal pollution from poultry farming, 180 kinds of chicken feed samples in Huanghuai-hai Region （Beijing, Tianjin, Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, and Anhui）were collected, and then analyzed the concentrations of Mn, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cd, Pb and As in chicken feed samples of different provinces, different culture species and different growth stages. The results showed that the amount of heavy metals varied greatly in the chicken feed in Huang-huai-hai area, the contents of Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb in the feed samples were 0.05～9.91, 52.59～726.68, 0.02～6.84, 12.74～458.70, 34.09～594.78, 0.01～3.98, 0.01～1.96 mg·kg-1 and 0.02～10.76 mg·kg-1, respectively. Compared with the Feeding Standards of Chicken the content of Mn, Cu, Zn in chicken feed was over rate of 99.1%, 100%, 69.0%, respectively. Compared with the Feed Hygiene Standard the content of Pb, Cd in chicken feed was over rate of 39.7%, 23.50%, respectively. There had some extend differences in feed heavy metals among different provinces. As a whole, the contents of heavy metals in Anhui Province were highest, and while it was lowest in Tianjin. The maximum detected contents of Mn, Cu and Zn in feedingstuff of laying hens were 680.86, 458.70 mg·kg-1 and 580.27 mg·kg-1, respectively, and in the feed of broilers it were 726.68, 399.07 mg·kg-1 and 594.78 mg·kg-1, respectively. The average concentration of Mn, Cu and Zn was all over Feeding Standard of Chicken of China. The feed of laying period of laying hens had the highest heavy metal content, and while it was higher in the middle and late stage feed for broiler.