从《排华法案》看美国移民政策的转折

The Transition of American Immigration Policy Observed from Chinese Exclusion Act

美国从建国至1882年为自由移民时期,1882年以后为限制选择移民时期,1882年颁布的《排华法案》就是这两个时期的转折点。在自由移民时期,政府对外来移民的流入是自由放任的,但限制选择移民时期美国开始对外来移民的人数、地域、种族等做出了选择和限制。《排华法案》表面上是对华工的排斥,实质上是美国国家层面排斥外来移民的开端,此后不断出台具有排斥外来移民性质的法律,将其他外来移民也纳入了排斥范围,最终发展为具有目的性的限制选择移民政策。

From the founding of the United States to 1882 is a free migration period while after 1882 is the limited choice of immigration period. The Chinese Exclusion Law promulgated in 1882 is the turning point of the two periods. In free migration, the influx of immigrants is laissez faire, but during the restricted migration period, the United States began to make choices and restrictions on the number, region and ethnicity of immigrants. The exclusion of Chinese laborers on the surface is the beginning of the exclusion of immigrants from the United States at the national level. Since then, many laws excluding the foreign immigrants have been introduced, which brought the other immigrants into the exclusion range. Eventually, the United States formed a purposeful restriction on the choice of immigration policy.