人参病害生防细菌分离鉴定及其抑菌活性测定

Isolation,Identification of Antagonistic Strains against Phytopathogens of Panax ginseng and Determination of Antimicrobial Activity

目的:筛选对人参黑斑菌、人参菌核菌、人参立枯丝核菌等有抑菌活性的微生物菌剂产品,有效解决人参生产过程中的农残超标问题,为人参病害绿色防控提供参考依据。方法:采用稀释平板法从微生物菌剂中分离活体菌株,室内对峙培养验证菌株的抑菌活性;根据菌落形态特征、显微结构及gyr A、gyr B基因序列鉴定菌株的归属。结果:从"KDL"复合微生物菌剂中分离出12株细菌(编号:Y1～Y12),除Y12外,其余菌株对七种人参致病菌均有抑菌活性。其中,Y4对人参菌核菌的抑菌率最高(68. 42%),Y9对人参立枯丝核菌的抑菌率最高(54. 07%),Y2对人参疫病菌、人参黑斑菌、人参灰霉菌和人参锈腐菌的抑菌率最高(分别为68. 25%、52. 58%、49. 46%和40. 65%),Y3对人参根腐菌的抑菌率最高(47. 37%)。经鉴定,Y1、Y2和Y8为枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis,Y3～Y7、Y9～Y11为解淀粉芽孢杆菌B. amyloliquefaciens。结论:分离自"KDL"复合微生物菌剂的绝大部分菌株对七种人参致病菌均有较好的抑菌活性,推测该菌剂可能对人参病害具有生防潜力,可尝试用于人参病害防控。!

Objective： To screen biocontrol agents with antagonistic activity against Alternaria panax, Sclerotinia schinseng, Rhizoctonia solani etc. phytopathogens prevailing in ginseng production, and finally provide references for green control of diseases prevailing in P. ginseng. Methods ： Strains were separated from commercial microbial agents by plate dilu tion method. Confronting culture method was used to screen antagonistic strains against pathogens of P. ginseng. The taxonomies of isolated strains were identified based on characteristics of colonial morphology, microscopic structure, and gyrA and gyrB gene sequence. Results： In total, 12 bacterial stains were isolated from ＇KDL＇ complex microbial agents, except Y12, the other isolates showed a significant antagonistic activity- against pathogens of P. ginseng. Furthermore, the inhibition rate（IR） of Y4 against S. schinseng was the highest（68.42% ）, the IR of Y9 against R. solani was the highest（54. 07% ）, and the IR of Y2 against Phytophthora cactorum, A. panax , Botrytis cinerea and Cylindrocarpon destructans were the highest（ 68.25%, 52. 58% , 49.46% and 40. 65% , respectively）. Based on colony, microstructure and gene sequence characteristics, strains of Y1, Y2 and Y8 were identified as Bacillus subtilis, strains of Y3 to Y7 and Y9 to Yll were identified as B. amyloliquefhciens. Conclusion： Most of isolates from ＇ KDL＇ complex microbial agent showed a perfect antagonistic activity against pathogens of P. ginseng, which indicated that this agent should having biocontrol potential on diseases of P. ginseng, and can be applied in diseases control of P. ginseng.