抒写与回应:韩愈《别知赋》的经典化内生机制

Describing and Responding:the Classic Inner Logic of HanYu's “Bie-zhi Fu”

韩愈《别知赋》藉由送别题材抒泄"知己难得"的苦闷与焦灼,背后内寓的是其入仕用世的政治抱负与怀才不遇的抑郁情结之间无法调解的心理矛盾。《别知赋》所以对后世赋家产生如此强大的集群效应,要在其始终符契着传统文人士大夫的历史文化心理常态——"知己意识",即情感上的"知音"与政治上的"知遇"。与传统送别赋单纯抒写"离情别思"不同,同题追拟的类型化文本实践在传达与韩愈共通的情感体验的同时,引起的"送别赋"流变史上的主旨变化,正构成韩愈《别知赋》经典化的合理内核。

Through the theme of the leaving, Han Yu,s “Bie-zhi Fu” expresses the bitterness and anxietyof a bosom friend. The idea behind the work is an irreconcilable psychological contradiction of the author. Thecontradiction is caused by the political reality that the author has talent but cannot use it. The reason why HanYu,s “Bie-zhi Fu” has a powerful cluster effect on later generations of writers is that the work always conformsto the cultural psychology of the traditional literati. The kind of cultural psychological norm is bosom friendconsciousness-including the emotional resonance and the political appointment. Different from the traditionalfarewell Fu which expresses the emotion of separation purely, the stylized imitation works with the same title,while expressing the same emotional experience as Han Yu, have caused the theme change of the farewell Fu.This is becoming the reasonable core of the classic of Han Yu,s “Bie-zhi Fu”.