生育政策调整对女性劳动力供需的影响研究

Influence of Fertility Policy Adjustment on Female Labor Supply and Demand

利用调查数据和宏观数据分析了全面二孩政策实施后女性劳动力供给与需求的变动情况。在劳动力供给方面,女性的就业意愿降低并影响未来的就业规模,就业质量相对下降,就业结构受到冲击。在劳动力需求方面,用人单位的经济负担、人事压力和运营压力增强,导致其对女性劳动力的偏好降低。市场经济体制转变、家庭现代化转变、社会文化传统和政策支持不足等因素,加剧了全面二孩政策对女性劳动力供需产生的影响。需进一步完善相关的社会政策,缓解育龄期女性就业和生育之间的矛盾。

Using survey data and macro data, this paper analyzes the situation of female labor forcesupply and demand after the implementation of the two-child policy. The results reveal that employmentdecreases which affects the women employment scale of future labor supply, the quality of women employment isweakened, and the women employment structure are impacted by two-child policy in labor supply. In labor forcedemand, the economic burden, human resource management pressure and operating pressure of the employersincrease, and the preference for female labor is reduced. The impact of the two-child policy on the labor marketis affected by the transformation of the market economy system, family modernization, social cultural traditionand insufficient policy support. Relevant social policies should be improved to solve the contradiction betweenlabor supply and demand, and women,s employment and fertility at their childbearing age.