西安市机动车尾气排放特征研究

随着城市经济发展,机动车尾气成为城市大气污染的主要贡献者。根据西安市不同类别机动车保有数量,分别计算机动车主要污染物(HC,CO,NOx,PM)排放特征及其分担率。研究表明西安市机动车主要污染物排放特征和分担率差异显著:其中载客汽车对HC,CO,NOx的贡献占比较大,分别为62.59%、68.58%、和33.01%。货车则以PM排放为主(80%以上);汽油车对CO和HC的贡献高于柴油车,柴油车则以NOx和PM为主;国Ⅳ及以后标准的车量主要污染物排放量比例分别为18.49%、16.93%、8.64%和0%。为改善西安市大气环境质量,建议以国Ⅳ及以后标准型车量逐步替代常规。改变能源结构,进一步优化产业结构。

With the development of urban economy, motor vehicle emissions became the major contributor of the urban air pollution. Based on the number of different types of motor vehicles in Xi＇an, calculating the emission characteristics and the contribution rate of the main vehicle pollutants（HC, CO, NOx, PM）.The result shows that there were significant differences in emission characteristics and sharing rates of major pollutants in Xi＇an city： The contribution of passenger vehicles to HC, CO, NOx was 62.59%, 68.58% and 33.01% respectively. The main emission of truck is PM （More than 80%）, and gasoline vehicles contribute more CO and HC than diesel vehicles. For diesel vehicles, NOx and PM are the main ones, and the emission ratios of major pollutants in National Standard Ⅳ and later standards is 18.49%, 16.93%, 8.64%,and 0%, respectively. In order to improve the quality of atmospheric environment in Xi＇an, it is suggested that the National Standard Ⅳ and later standards vehicles should replace the normal gradually. To change the energy structure and further optimizing the industrial structure.