宋初海上贡道考索

A Study on the Overseas Tributary Route during the Early Years of the Song Dynasty(960-971)

宋朝掌控广州港之前(960-971),南海诸国就已来华朝贡。这条隐秘的海上贡道大致可推断为:南海诸国沿着五代十国时期开辟的南海航线到达泉州,再借道吴越,从福州、温州、台州、明州一路北上,抵达登州,再转陆路进入都城开封。这条海上贡道能够实现的重要前提是泉漳和吴越臣服于宋朝,允许南海国家借道通行。泉州和登州是两个重要的节点。

The kingdoms in the South China Sea had already paid tribute to China before the Song Court took control of Guangzhou port （960-971）. Thus there might be a previously unknown overseas tributary route as follows： emissaries arrived in Quanzhou via the sea route which was opened during the period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, then they went northward through the kingdoms of Wu-Yue （Fuzhou, Wenzhou, Taizhou and Mingzhou） to Dengzhou, and finally took the land route to the capital at Kaifeng. The overseas tributary route could not have worked unless the Quan- Zhang region and Wu-Yue kingdoms acknowledged allegiance to the Song Court at that time. Thus Quanzhou and Dengzhou were two pivotal cities on this route.