排泄障碍的核心特征与治疗

Core symptoms and treatments of elimination disorders

排泄障碍的代表疾病主要包括遗尿症和遗粪症,该组障碍的特征是不恰当的尿液或粪便排泄。遗尿症是指每周2次,至少连续3个月反复将尿液排在不恰当的地方,或引起上班、上学、社交困难。遗粪症是指每月至少1次,至少3个月反复将粪便排泄在不恰当的地方,或引起有临床意义的痛苦,或导致社交、职业及其他功能的损害。两种障碍可单独发生,也可同时出现。排泄障碍的治疗方法包括行为治疗、药物治疗和改善饮食等。

Illnesses that are representative of elimination disorders mainly include enuresis and encopresis. The disorders in this category involves common feature that are inappropriate excretion of urine or feces. Enuresis is characterized by repeatedly urinating in inappropriate places at least twice a week for at least 3 consecutive months,or presents the difficulty in occupational,academic or other social activities. Encopresis refers to excreting excrement repeatedly in inappropriate places at least one time each month for at least 3 months,or causes clinica distress,functional impairment in social,occupational and other important areas.Individuals can have one or both of these disorders. Treatments for elimination disorders include behavioral therapy,medical therapy and diet improvement.