考虑被疏散者汇流的楼梯疏散模型

Study on stairs evacuation model considering evacuees’ flow merging

为探究楼梯汇流过程中被疏散者流的运动规律,提高楼梯疏散时间计算的准确性,首先,以社会力模型为基础,分析汇流过程中人员受力情况,运用动量方程与能量守恒方程,推导计算出汇流过程中被疏散者的动量变化率与动能变化率,进而构建楼梯疏散汇流模型,用以描述楼梯疏散过程;然后,以实际楼梯疏散环境为背景,模拟被疏散者流汇流过程,计算楼梯汇流时间,归纳汇流过程被疏散者流运动状态变化规律。结果表明：随着汇流时间的增加,楼层人流量逐渐增长,并达到稳定状态;被疏散者运动速率先增后减,最终趋于稳定。对比实际疏散时间与模拟疏散时间,各楼层最大疏散时间差异值为4. 4 s,证明楼梯疏散模型有高的有效性。

In order to explore the movement rule of evacuees during stairs merging process,and to improve the accuracy of calculation of stairs evacuation time,firstly,based on the social force model,the force conditions of evacuees were analyzed,the momentum equation and energy conservation equation were adopted to compute the change rates of momentum and kinetic energy. A stairs merging flows model was constructed to describe the process of stairs evacuation. Then,a certain stairs evacuation environment was taken as the background,the stairs merging flows time of evacuees was computed by simulating the merging flows process,and the change rule of movement state of evacuees were concluded. The results show that the number of evacuees increases gradually with the increase of time,the stable state is reached at last,and the evacuees movement rate increases first and then decreases,eventually,the evacuees movement rate reach a steady state,that the biggest difference value of evacuation time between floors can be computed by comparing actual evacuation time and the simulated evacuation time,it is 4. 4 s,the effectiveness of stairs evacuation model is verified.