清中期的铜铅运销与币材供给

The Copper and Lead Transportation and Sale System and the Coin Supply in Middle Qing Dynasty

清中期的铜铅产地集中于西南一隅,而币材需求遍及全国。产销分离使铜铅运输成为币材供给不可或缺的重要环节,关乎全国的币制稳定和经济发展。本文从清前期的币材危机出发,探讨清中期铜铅运销体系和币材供给格局形成的原因、过程及保障机制。研究认为,清中期西南边疆矿业的兴起是政府应对前期币材危机的结果,伴随滇铜黔铅外销区域的扩展,形成了以云贵为源头、辐射全国、水陆联运的铜铅运销体系,构成了涵盖全国的币材供给格局。这一体系和格局持续长达一个多世纪,反映出清政府币材安全保障和战略资源调控的能力和水平。

The place of production of copper and lead in middle Qing Dynasty concentrated in the southwestern, while the demand spread across the country. The separate of production and sale of copper and lead made the transportation to be a indispensable link of the coin material supply which influence the stability currency system and economic growth. This paper discussed the transportation and sale system, the reason, process and safeguard mechanism of the formation of coin material supply situation. The rising of mining industry in southwestern in Qing Dynasty was the result of coin material crisis. With the sale regional expanding of copper and lead, it formed a transportation and sale system link Yunnan, Guizhou and the whole nation by water and land. This system lasted more than a century which reflected the capacity of safeguard and strategic resources control of Qing Dynasty.