不同施氮条件下咖啡果干物质积累、产量及氮肥利用率

Fruit Dry Matter Accumulation,Yield and Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency of Coffee under Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Rates

为探明咖啡适宜施氮量,以中粒种咖啡主栽品种24-2为试材,研究施氮量对咖啡果干物质积累、产量及氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明:施氮有利于咖啡果干物质积累,特别是在果实干物质积累贡献较大的果实膨大期和成熟期;中氮(N560)和高氮(N760)处理果实干物质积累量较未施氮(CK)处理在开花坐果期、果实膨大期、成熟期分别增加30.60%和35.91%、45.25%和49.37%、49.13%和56.64%,随施氮量增加各处理积累量呈增加趋势。氮肥用量过高不利于提高咖啡氮肥利用率,各处理以N560的氮肥利用率、氮肥农学利用率和氮肥生理利用率最高,较N760处理分别高9.76%、18.18%和7.34%。因此,N560处理是兼顾产量和氮肥利用率的较优处理,本研究结果为海南中等肥力咖啡种植区的氮肥施用提供理论依据。

In this paper, the effects of nitrogen application rates on fruit dry matter accumulation, yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency in 24-2 coffee were studied. The results showed that nitrogen application was beneficial to dry matter accumulation in coffee fruit, especially for fruit enlargement and ripening. Compared with CK, the fruit dry matter accumulation of N560 and N760 treatment increased by 30.60% and 35.91% in fruit setting, 45.25% and 49.37% in fruit enlargement, 49.13% and 56.64% in ripening respectively. Excessive application of nitrogen rate resulted in a lower utilization of nitrogen fertilizer in coffee. Nitrogen utilization efficiency, nitrogen agronomic utilization efficiency and nitrogen physiological utilization efficiency were the highest in N560 treatment. Compared with N760, nitrogen utilization efficiency, nitrogen agronomic utilization efficiency and nitrogen physiological utilization efficiency of N560 increased by 9.76%, 18.18% and 7.34%. In summary, both coffee yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency were considered in N560.