单作和间作对槟榔和咖啡生长、根系形态及养分利用的影响

Effects of Monoculture and Intercropping Systems on Arecanut and Coffee Growth,Root Morphology and Nutrients Utilization

本研究设置了槟榔和咖啡单作及间作盆栽试验,对比分析了单作和间作种植形式下槟榔和咖啡生长量、生物量、根系形态、土壤和植株养分含量差异。结果表明:与单作相比,间作抑制了咖啡株高的生长,显著减少了咖啡的茎鲜重、干重,促进了槟榔株高、茎粗的生长,槟榔茎鲜重、干重显著增加;从槟榔咖啡根系空间分布可见,咖啡根系在盆栽土层内比槟榔根系分布范围宽,其根系延伸到槟榔根系生态位,能使该生态位槟榔根长密度增加,槟榔根系主要分布在本株根系空间范围内;间作显著提高了土壤速效磷、速效钾的含量;咖啡对氮、钾肥的吸收量大于槟榔,槟榔对钙、锌的吸收量大于咖啡,两者间养分吸收的差异,减少了作物间养分的竞争;间作咖啡氮平衡指数和叶绿素含量大于单作,间作槟榔叶片氮、磷,茎干氮、磷、钾,根氮、磷、钾累积量均大于单作。综上,槟榔间作咖啡根系互作具有对土壤养分资源利用的互馈效应。

Pot experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of monoculture and intercropping systems on arecanut and coffee growth, root morphology and nutrients utilization. The intercropping of arecanut with coffee significantly decreased coffee plant height, stem fresh weight and dry weight compared with coffee monoculture, but the plant height, stem diameter, stem fresh weight and dry weight of arecanut significantly increased compared with arecanut monoculture. More coffee roots were found to extend to arecanut root ecological niche, whereas less number of arecanut roots extend to coffee root space, in addition, more arecanut roots were observed at the two crops root interaction place. The intercropping of arecanut with coffee significantly increased soil available P and K content compared with coffee or arecanut monoculture. Coffee uptake more nitrogen, potassium and less calcium, zinc fertilizer compared with arecanut, so lower nutrition competition was observed in intercropping system. The intercropping of arecanut with coffee signifi-cantly increased coffee nitrogen balance index and chlorophyll content compared with coffee monoculture, and increased N, P accumulation in leaves, N, P, K accumulation in stems and roots compared with arecanut monoculture. In conclusion, the intercropping of arecanut with coffee could benefit soil nutrients utilization.