南京市城区中小学生睡眠时间与血压关系的研究

Relationship between sleep duration and blood pressure among urban primary and secondary school students in Nanjing

目的了解南京市中小学生睡眠时间与血压水平之间的关系,为儿童青少年高血压的预防干预提供依据。方法于2013年9月采用多阶段按比例随机整群法抽取南京市48所学校10 091名学生作为调查对象,调查其一般情况和睡眠时间,并测量收缩压和舒张压,分析不同睡眠情况血压水平的差异。用SPSS 20.0软件进行t检验,用一般线性模型分析睡眠时间对血压的影响。结果 10 091名调查对象中包括5 355名男生,4 736名女生。四年级学生5 246名,七年级4 845名。四年级组血压偏高的比例为1.4%,七年级组血压偏高的比例7.8%。四年级组睡眠充足的比例为43.6%,七年级组睡眠充足的比例为22.1%。四年级组女生睡眠充足者舒张压[(58.95±5.54) mmHg]低于睡眠不足者[(59.45±5.88)mmHg],差异有统计学意义(t=2.15,P<0.05)。使用一般线性模型控制身高影响,七年级男生睡眠充足者收缩压比睡眠不足者降低了1.031 mmHg,四年级女生睡眠充足者舒张压比睡眠不足者降低了0.448 mmHg,差异均有统计学意义(Waldχ~2值分别为-1.998、-1.987,P<0.05)。结论青春期睡眠不足可能是血压升高的影响因素之一。

Objective To understand the relationship between sleep duration and the blood pressure among urban primary and secondary school students in Nanjing,and to provide the strategies for hypertension prevention of children and adolescents.Methods In September of 2013,10 091 students from 48 schools in Nanjing city were selected as the subjects by the multi-stage proportionated cluster random sampling method. The present investigation was performed for general condition,sleeping duration,systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure;the differences of blood pressure level between different sleep duration were analyzed. The t test was used to analyze the data,and the linear model was used to analyze the influence of sleeping duration on blood pressure,the used software was SPSS 20.0. Results The subjects were 10 091 students（5 355 males,4 736 females）,including 5 246 students in grade 4 and 4 845 students in grade 7. The proportion of students in grade 4 with higher blood pressure was 1.4%,the proportion of students in grade 7 with higher blood pressure was 7.8%. The proportion of students in grade 4 with sufficient sleeping was 43.6%,the proportion of students in grade 7 with sufficient sleeping was 22.1%. The diastolic blood pressure（58.95 ±5.54 mmHg） of female students in grade 4 with sufficient sleeping was significantly lower than that（59.45 ±5.88 mmHg） of female students in grade 4 with insufficient sleeping（t=2.15,P0.05）. After adjustment of height by general linear model,the level of systolic pressure of male students in grade 7 with sufficient sleeping decreased 1.031 mmHg as compared to the male students in grade 7 with insufficient sleeping;the level of systolic pressure of female students in grade 4 with sufficient sleeping decreased 0.448 mmHg as compared to the female students in grade 4 with insufficient sleeping（Wald χ~2 value were-1.998 and-1.987,P0.05）. Conclusion The insufficient sleep during puberty may be one of factors resulting in increased blood pressure.