七城市部分医务人员饮食行为现状

Present status of dietary behaviors of medical personnel in seven cities

目的了解医务人员饮食行为现状,为进一步开展饮食行为干预措施提供基础资料和依据。方法对参加2016-2017年在青岛、兰州、济南、长春、北京、宁波、重庆7地举办的"营养与疾病预防"全国医生营养知识继续教育项目培训班的699名医务人员进行调查,了解其早餐、西式快餐、零食、饮料、高盐食品、营养素补充剂等食用情况及营养标签知晓情况。采用SPSS 22.0软件进行χ2检验和趋势χ2检验。结果 67.81%医务人员每天吃早餐,4.15%医务人员每月吃西式快餐≥4次;随着年龄增加,每天都吃早餐的比例逐渐增加,而食用西式快餐的频次较高的比例逐渐降低,均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。食用零食、饮料≥7次/周的比例分别是30.76%和13.16%,20～29岁医务人员不吃零食及不喝饮料的比例明显低于其他年龄组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。食用薯条或薯片、方便面、加工肉制品、盐焗坚果和果脯≥1次/周的比例分别是7.30%、6.29%、18.03%、28.04%和12.88%,不同性别及不同等级医疗机构间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。从不食用营养素补充剂的医务人员为43.78%,不同性别、年龄及医疗机构医务人员间营养素补充剂的使用情况差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。87.98%的医务人员知晓营养标签,女性知晓率(91.53%)高于男性(75.64%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);仅有21.96%的医务人员经常使用营养标签,并且随着年龄增加经常使用营养标签的比例逐渐增加,有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论本研究医务人员饮食行为现状有待改善,需采取营养健康教育等有效措施以促进医务人员健康状况。

Objective To understand the present status of dietary behaviors in medical personnel,and to provide the basic data and scientific evidence for further dietary behaviors intervention. Methods From 2016 to 2017,a total of 699 medical personnel from Qingdao,Lanzhou,Ji＇nan,Changchun,Beijing,Ningbo and Chongqing,who participated in the training course of nutrition and disease prevention,were selected as the subjects. A questionnaire was used to collect information on dietary behaviors,including the breakfast,western style fast food,snacks,beverage,high salt food,nutrients supplementation,and awareness of nutrient labels.The χ2 test was used to analyze the data by SPSS 22.0 software. Results The rate of having breakfast every day was 67.8%,and the rate increased with age（P 0.01）;4.15% of medical personnel had western-style fast food at least 4 times a month,and the frequency of western-style fast food consumption gradually decreased with age（P0.01）. The snack and beverage consumption rates（at least 7 times a week） were 30.78% and 13.16%,respectively.The proportion of the 20-29 years old medical personnel who did not eat snacks or beverage was lower significantly than other age groups（P0.05）. The consumption rates of potato chips,instant noodles,processed meat,salted nuts and dried fruit（≥1 times a week） were 7.30%,6.29%,18.03%,28.04% and12.88%,respectively. There was no significant difference between different sex and different grades（P0.05）. The proportion of medical personnel who never eat nutritional supplements was 43.78%. There were significant differences in the use of nutrient supplements among different sex,age and medical grade institutions（P0.05）. The proportion of nutrition labeling awareness was87.98%,and the proportion（91.53%） of females was higher than that（75.64%） of males（P0.01）. The proportion of medical personnel,who regularly used nutrition labels,was 21.96% and increased with age（P0.01）. Conclusion The status of dietary behavior of medical personnel needs to be improved. It is necessary to take effective measures such as nutrition and health education to promote the health of medical personnel.