2260例恶性肿瘤住院死亡患者死因构成分析

Analysis of death causes in 2260 hospitalized cases of malignant tumor death

目的分析某院恶性肿瘤住院死亡病例死因构成及其性别和年龄分布情况,为医院恶性肿瘤防治及预后提供参考信息。方法按照《国际疾病分类(ICD-10)》类目编码范围C00-C97,检索2012年-2017年出院主要诊断为恶性肿瘤的死亡患者,统计分析不同性别、年份、年龄段主要恶性肿瘤的分布构成。结果男女性别比为1.3:1;死因顺位前10位的恶性肿瘤依次是支气管和肺恶性肿瘤(26.6%)、白血病(8.7%)、肝和肝内胆管恶性肿瘤(8.3%)、胃恶性肿瘤(7.7%)、女性生殖系统恶性肿瘤(6.8%)、结肠恶性肿瘤(5.9%)、胰恶性肿瘤(5.2%)、非霍奇金淋巴瘤(3.4%)、直肠恶性肿瘤(3.2%)、胆道其他和未特指部位的恶性肿瘤(2.7%)。有6种恶性肿瘤为消化器官恶性肿瘤,累计占42.1%。男性肝和肝内胆管恶性肿瘤(x^2=42.346,P<0.001)和胃恶性肿瘤(x^2=11.866,P=0.001)构成比高于女性,有统计学差异;小于40岁各年龄段均是白血病居首位,40岁～49岁年龄段以女性生殖系统恶性肿瘤居首位,大于50岁各年龄段均是肺恶性肿瘤居首位。结论恶性肿瘤防治工作的重点人群主要是50岁以上支气管和肺恶性肿瘤住院患者、40岁以下白血病住院患者,应加大男性消化系统恶性肿瘤和女性生殖系统恶性肿瘤的诊治力度,不断降低恶性肿瘤患者病死率。

Objective To analyze the cause of death and the distribution of sex and age in patients with malignant tumor in a hospital, and to provide reference information for the prevention and treatment of malignant tumors in a hospital. Methods According to the code range ＂C00-C97＂ of the international classification of disease classification（ICD-10）, the death patients who were mainly diagnosed as malignant tumor were retrieved for 2012-2017 years, and the distribution of main malignant tumors in different sex, year and age group（%） was analyzed. Results The sex ratio of men and women was 1.3：1. The first 10 malignant tumors of the cause of death were malignant tumors of bronchi and lung, leukemia, liver and intrahepatic bile ducts, malignant tumors of the stomach, malignant tumor of female reproductive system, malignant tumor of the colon, malignant tumor of the pancreas, non Hodgkin＇s lymphoma, rectal malignancy, other and unspecified parts of the biliary tract. 26.6% of the malignant tumor of the bronchi and lung, and the first in the malignant tumor. 6 kinds of malignant tumors were all digestive malignant tumors, accounting for 42.1%. The constituent ratio of male liver and intrahepatic bile duct malignant tumors and gastric malignant tumors was significantly higher than that of females. All age groups less than 40 years of age are the first in leukemia. 40～49 years old age group is the first for female reproductive system malignant tumor, and all age groups over 50 years old are the first malignant tumor of lung. Conclusion The main diseases in the prevention and control of malignant tumors in the hospital are malignant tumor of bronchi and lung, leukemia, liver and intrahepatic bile ducts and malignant tumors of the stomach. The screening of malignant tumor of male digestive system and malignant tumor of middle age female reproductive system should be increased, and the mortality of malignant tumor patients should be continuously reduced.