环保社会组织参与环境治理的制度空间与行动策略

Institutional Space and Acting Strategies of ENGOs' Participation in Environmental Governance

环保社会组织良性有序参与环境治理,是我国生态文明建设的重要内容,也是我国政府乐见其成的理想局面。我国政府出台了很多具有针对性的制度安排来调控环保社会组织所能获取的政治机会与资源,进而规范其参与环境治理的行为。根据调整对象和功能定位,这些制度可以被划分为机会扩展型、机会收缩型、资源支持型和资源抽离型等四种类型。每一种制度背后都寄托着我国政府的不同期许。为了适应这四类制度,我国环保社会组织在政治机会层面采取了回避、用足和权变等策略,在资源层面采取了"断洋奶"、"吃母乳"和多元化等策略。

ENGOs＇ positive participation in environmental governance is an important part of China＇s ecological civilization construction and an ideal situation which the government is willing to see.The Chinese government has introduced a number of targeted institutional arrangements to regulate the political opportunities and resources available to ENGOs,and then to regulate their participation in environmental governance.According to the adjustment object and function positioning,these institutional arrangements can be divided into four types：opportunity extension institutions,opportunity contraction institutions,resource support institutions and resource extraction institutions.Behind these four types are different expectations of government.In order to adapt to these institutional arrangements,ENGOs have adopted strategies such as avoidance,utilizing fully and contingency at the political opportunity level,and strategies such as＂weaning off foreign milk＂,＂eating breast milk＂and diversification at the resource level.