论环境侵害精神损害赔偿的归责原则与司法适用

Doctrine of Liability Fixation and Its Judicial Application of the Compensation for Mental Damage by Environmental Injury

环境侵害具有特殊性,其可以适用精神损害赔偿,因为环境权具有人格属性、环境侵害的精神损害可达到严重程度且如此适用符合救济法理。梳理学说要义,发现环境侵害精神损害赔偿应适用无过错责任;分析司法实践,其归责原则的选择和适用基本上与学说梳理的结论一致,但诉讼请求的设计、举证责任的分配等对理论提出了挑战。应当通过明确环境侵害精神损害赔偿的构成要件、设置精神损害赔偿的高低限额、划定精神损害的客观鉴定标准等方法,完善环境侵害精神损害赔偿归责原则的司法适用。

Environmental injury is specialand can be applied for the compensation for mental damage because environmental rights have personality attributes,and the mental damage caused by environmental injury can be serious,and it is applicable to meet the remedially legal principles.Theoretically,nonfault liability principle should be applied to compensation for mental damage by environmental injury;and in practice,the choice of the doctrine of liability fixation is consistent with the theoetical analysis,but the design of litigation requests and the distribution of burden of proof pose challenges to the theory.It is necessary to improve the judicial application of the doctrine by clarifying the constitutive requirements of the compensation for mental damage by environmental injury,setting high and low limits for the compensation,and deciding objective assessment criteria for mental damage and so on.