地中海贫血孕妇妊娠状况及对胎儿的影响分析

Analysis of pregnancy condition among pregnant women with thalassemia and its influence on their fetus

目的分析地中海贫血孕妇的妊娠状况及对胎儿的影响。方法选取深圳市龙岗区妇幼保健院2016年11月-2018年1月行系统产前检查并在该院分娩的正常51例孕妇,作为对照组,同时选取同期在该院行系统产前检查且在该院分娩的地中海贫血孕妇52例,作为观察组,观察并比较两组孕妇的血红蛋白浓度(HGB)及其妊娠状况,以及新生儿体重、胎儿地中海贫血基因检查情况。结果观察组的早产率(13.46%)、剖宫产率(50.00%)以及重度贫血、中度贫血、轻度贫血中的胎儿地中海贫血基因检查率23.08%、44.23%、32.69%均显著高于对照组;观察组的HGB显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组的产程时间、产褥感染发生率、产后出血发生率以及新生儿体重与对照组相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论地中海贫血孕妇对新生儿体质量、产程、产褥感染等没有影响,但其早产率、剖宫产率,以及胎儿地中海贫血基因检出率均显著升高,因此患地中海贫血的孕妇应更加注意产前诊断。

Objective To analyze the pregnancy condition among pregnant women with thalassemia and its influence on their fetus. Methods Fifty-one cases of normal pregnant women and who underwent systematic antenatal examination and delivered in our hospital from November,2016 to January,2018 were selected as the control group. Fifty-two pregnant women with thalassemia and underwent systematic antenatal examination and delivered in our hospital in the same time were selected as the observation group. The HGB,pregnancy status,neonatal weight and the situations of the fetal thalassemia genetic examination of the two groups were observed and compared. Results In the observation group,the premature rate was 13. 46%,cesarean section rate was 50. 00%,and gene detection rate of thalassemia in severe anemia,moderate anemia and mild anemia was 23. 08%,44. 23%,32. 69%,respectively.They were significantly higher than those in the control group. The HGB in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant（ P〈0. 05）. There were no differences in the duration of labor,the incidence of puerperal infection,the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage,and the weight of the newborn between the observation group and the control group（ P〉0. 05）. Conclusion Thalassemia doesn＇t influence of the neonatal body weight,process of labor and puerperal infection. However,the rates of premature delivery,cesarean section and fetal with thalassemia are significantly higher among pregnant women with thalassemia. Therefore,the pregnant women with thalassemia should pay more attention to prenatal diagnosis.