奥维地图在区域水土流失监测野外调查工作中的应用

Application of Ovitalmap in field survey of regional water and soil loss monitoring

常规的水土流失野外调查技术已难以满足现阶段区域水土流失监测工作的需求。为探索高效、精准、高质量的水土流失数据采集技术,作者以山东沂蒙山泰山国家级重点治理区蒙阴县为例,以小流域或公里网格为调查单元,通过分析奥维地图的技术优势,针对区域水土流失监测野外调查工作中导航找点难、信息采集过程繁琐、拍照定位精准度低等系列问题,探索了奥维地图与GIS结合在水土流失野外调查工作中的应用,包括基础数据源处理与导入、路线导航、点位查找、信息采集、位置共享以及内业成果处理等;提出了较为系统高效的"无纸化"水土流失野外调查技术与方法,并结合应用实践,对奥维地图应用中存在的不足提出了建议。研究成果可为区域水土流失监测、水土流失综合治理、生产建设项目水土保持监测及监督管理等野外调查环节提供技术参考。

[Background]For soil and water loss monitoring,the commonly used methods are sampling survey,comprehensive evaluation,and empirical models（ USLE,WEQ,and CSLE）. It is known that the field investigation is the key point for the monitoring of soil and water loss when we use the methods described above. However,the tradition field investigation technic cannot meet the requirements ofpresent regional monitoring of soil and water loss. Therefore,this research mainly focuses on exploring an efficient,accurate and high quality data collection technic in Mengyin of the Yimeng-Taishan Mountain National Key Control Area. [Methods] Based on the field investigation unit（ Grid or watershed）,the pros and cons of Ovitalmap technic with traditional field work methods were compared. Many new technics and methods have been developed through combing the Ovitalmap with Geographic Information System（ GIS） in soil and water loss investigation as such： Basic data processing and importing,route navigation,position locating,data collection,location sharing,and data analysis. [Results] The applications of Ovitalmap technic indicated that the efficiency and accuracy of route navigation and site positioning was improved dramatically. During the field data collection,Ovitalmap provided a digitalized platform for map drawing in the field without paper,which reduced the cost of indoor data analysis and increased the working efficiency. Meanwhile,the Ovitalmap was able to provide the real-time information of landform,vegetation coverage,and soil and water conservation measures,the comparisons of the information between measured value and extracted value in specific field sites,and reasonable evaluations of the comparison. Based on the overlay of vector data and raster data,the real-time positioning,and display function of Ovitalmap,it captured information with higher accuracy and efficiency. The camera function realized the exact correspondence between the location,time,shooting direction,and photos of the shooting point. The indoor organization process was effectively simplified and better convergence with collected information was achieved. [Conclusions] This research found out and solved the problems in the application of Ovitalmap for the investigation of soil and water loss. Moreover,based on the practical usage experience of Ovitalmap,this paper also proposes some reasonable recommendations for the weaknesses of Ovitalmap. The results of this research can provide technical supports for regional soil and water loss monitoring,comprehensive management of soil and water loss,soil and water conservation of construction projects,and the field investigation of soil and water loss.