“互嵌——共生”:多民族地区用水合作何以可能——以青海省J用水者协会为例

"Mutual Embedding and Symbiosis" :How can Water Using Association in Multi-national Areas is Possible?——Take J Water User Association in Qinghai Province for Example

多民族地区用水合作既要考虑一般地区的共性因素,亦需兼顾民族的特殊性因素。基于对青海省J用水者协会的个案研究,对多民族地区用水者协会运行过程中应考虑的特殊性因素进行全方位考察,发现用水者协会的良性运行需要依托各民族语言和文字、生计方式及民族节日等社会基础,而各民族的平等参与、权力结构的民族均等化以及各民族权威人士的监督与协调等"民族互嵌式"管理方式亦是用水者协会可持续运行和发展的关键因素。同时,用水者协会增进了民族认同,促进并形成了各民族以灌溉用水合作为纽带的内生性发展模式,进而达到"互嵌—共生"的结果。

The water using association in multi-national areas should take into account the common factors of the general area and the particular factors of the nation. Based on the case study of the J Water User Association in Qinghai Province, the authors conduct a comprehensive investigation of on the special factors which should be considered in the operation of water user association in multinational area. It is found that the good operation of water user association needs to rely on the national language and writing, livelihoods and national festivals. The way of ＂national mutually embedded＂ management which include the equal participation of all national groups, the national equalization of the power structure and the supervision and coordination of the national authority, are also the key factors of sustainable operation and development of water user association. At the same time, the Water User Association has enhanced the national identity, promoted and formed the endogenous development model of each nation as the link of irrigation water cooperation,and achieved the result of ＂mutual embedding and symbiosis＂.