游而牧之:游牧生产方式及其生态哲学智慧

Nomadism and Husbandry:Nomadic Production Mode and Its Ecological Philosophical Wisdom

游而牧之生产方式(以下均简称"游牧生产方式")是以蒙古族为代表的北方草原游牧民族在长期生产实践活动中形成的经典生产方式。遵循自然是游牧生产方式的前提基础,游牧生产方式是游牧民族对草原地区气候变化与草原生物生存特性规律的认识与适时抉择,灾害应对与草原生态整体和谐的全面系统获悉与把握,植被脆弱与生态恢复重建危机化解的深刻理解与洞察。合理发挥人的能动功能是游牧生产方式的动力源泉,游牧生产方式既有自觉遵循自然生态节律基础上的"逐水草而居",又有合理把握自然承载能力基础上的狩猎与人口控制。顺势而为是游牧生产方式的终极趣旨,相比于农耕民族对自然原貌的改造性利用,游牧生产方式更符合自然生态规律,有序维持了历史时期草原生态平衡,也是游牧生产方式的最高目标。

Nomadism and husbandry（hereinafter referred to as ＂nomadic production mode＂） is a classical production mode of northern grassland nomadic people such as Mongolian in long-term production practice.The premise basis of nomadic production mode is follow the nature,the nomadic production mode is understanding about climate change and survival characteristics of grassland and timely decision, Overall and systemic Informing and grasping about the response of disaster and grassland ecological harmony and entirety,profound understanding and insighting on resolve crisis of vegetation fragility and ecological restoration and reconstruction by nomadic people.The power source of the nomadic production mode is the reasonable playing the dynamic function of people, the nomadic production mode are both the way of ＂by the grass and home＂ on the basis of consciously following the natural ecological rhythms,hunting and controling population based on the reasonable grasping of the natural carrying capacity.The ultimate purpose and highest goal of the nomadic production mode are homeopathy, the nomadic production mode is more in line with the laws of nature, orderly maintenance the grassland ecological balance in the historical period compared to the transformation of the use on the original nature by the farming people.