论清代甘州马厂的生态与马政改革

The Ecology of Ganzhou Pasture and Horse Management Reform in Qing Dynasty

"数量优先"是马厂发展的初衷。嘉庆初年,由于西北马厂的管理制度一味地坚持此原则,马匹数量激增,导致甘州马厂出现了马匹过剩与草场超载的生态问题,影响马厂发展。地方官多次奏请改革马政中的挑变制度,依据甘州马厂的实际情况增加挑变数量,缩短挑变周期,将原本六年挑变改为三年一次,缓解了草场过牧压力。

＂Quantity first＂ was the original intention of the development of horse policy. In the early years of Jiaqing, because the management system of horse policy in northwest insisted on this principle blindly, the number of horse increased sharply, which led to ecological problems of excess horses and grassland overload in Ganzhou horse pasture. Local officials had repeatedly called for reform of the restriction system. According to the actual situation of Ganzhou, the number of restriction should be increased and the period should be shortened. So the pressure of grassland overload was relieved.