清代中俄交涉案件的法律适用研究——以蒙古越界案件为中心

The Study of the Legal Application of the Negotiations between China and Russia in the Qing Dynasty——Focusing on the Cross-Border Cases in Mongolia

清代蒙古越界俄罗斯案件是清俄两国边界交涉事件的重要组成部分。清朝为了避免因蒙古越界俄罗斯导致两国冲突事件的发生,于是通过两国签订的界约和国内法规作为依据,对越界蒙古进行惩处以达到遏制蒙古越界案件的发生。这种将界约和国内法应用于蒙古越界案件的审理并使之制度化始于康熙朝,经过雍乾两朝的司法实践后,于嘉道时期形成了以界约为第一适用原则、以国内法规和成案为第二适用原则共同作用于蒙古越界案件的审判之中,并成为此后清朝处理蒙古越界案件的基本形态。

The case of Cross the border to Mongolia in the Qing Dynasty is an important part of the Negotiations between the two countries＇ borders.In order to avoid the occurrence of conflict,The Qing Dynasty signed an agreement with Russia.lt is the first time that laws and regulations are used in cross-border cases.After the judicial practice of the Yongzheng and Qianlondynasties,Jiaqing Dynasty treated cases based on the principle of circle,and Since then, this processing mode has become the norm.