重大自身免疫性疾病的流行病学研究进展

Advance in epidemiologic studies on major autoimmune diseases

重大自身免疫性疾病主要包括系统性红斑狼疮、类风湿关节炎等。这类疾病确切的病因及发病机理至今未明,且近年来其患病率呈上升趋势,极大地影响了患者的劳动力和生活质量,甚至危及生命,消耗大量卫生资源,已成为重要的公共卫生问题。然而目前在公共卫生与预防医学相关研究领域较多关注肿瘤、糖尿病、消化系统疾病等,关于重大自身免疫性疾病的研究非常有限。因此,开展自身免疫性疾病前瞻性研究,阐明疾病危险因素,进行风险评估,促进疾病的精准预防;发现疾病致病基因,进行早期预警、早期诊断等,已成为自身免疫性疾病防制亟待解决的问题。本文将对重大自身免疫性疾病中两种典型疾病—系统性红斑狼疮和类风湿关节炎的流行病学研究进展进行简要概述。

The major spectrum of autoimmune diseases includes systemic lupus erythematosus （SLE） , rheumatoid arthritis （RA） , etc. The exact etiology and pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases are still not fully elucidated, and the prevalence of autoimmune diseases are increasing in the recent years, greatly influencing the patient＇s labor and life quality, consuming a large amount of health resources and becoming an important public health problem. In the field of public health and preventive medicine, there are disproportionate attention to the tumor, diabetes and digestive diseases, whereas the studies on major autoimmune diseases are very limited. Therefore, prospective studies on autoimmune diseases should be carried out to elucidate the risk factors, assess the risk and promote the accurate prevention of diseases. The discovery of disease-causing genes, early warning and early diagnosis have become urgent problems for the prevention and control of autoimmune diseases. This article will provide a brief overview of the advance in epidemiological studies on two types of major autoimmune diseases, SLE and RA.