巨柏生态分布区垂直小气候特征分析

Analysis of the Characteristics of Vertical Microclimate in the Ecological Distribution area of Cupressus gigantea

通过位于雅鲁藏布江中下游巨柏地理分布区垂直气象要素定点观测分析,揭示了巨柏生态分布适应的主要小气候因子变化规律与特征,以期为根据气候规律开展雅鲁藏布江流域的资源保护、合理开发利用以及营造人工林生态系统提供科学依据。分析结果表明:巨柏分布区年均温8.07~11.32℃,分布区上、下限的月均温差异不显著。太阳辐射年总量4 854.70~4 943.16MJ·m^(-2),日总量最大可达31.63 MJ·m^(-2)。年降水量418~445 mm,相对湿度与降水的变化规律具有一致性,研究区干、湿季分明。土壤温度与气温变化趋势相同,呈单峰曲线;地面温度在各层之中最低且变幅大。各土层含水量年变化范围2.37%~15.53%之间,土壤含水量变化规律与降水和空气湿度相同。

Based on the fixed point observation and analysis of the vertical meteorological elements in the geographical distribution area of Cupressus gigantean in the middle and lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River, the change rules and characteristics of the main microclimate factors in the ecological distribution areas of Cupressus gigantean were revealed to carry out the resource conservation, rational exploitation and utilization of the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin in accordance with the climatic laws and to provide scientific basis for the construction of artificial forest ecosystem. The results showed that the annual mean temperature of the area was 8.07 - 11.32 ℃, and the difference of the monthly mean temperature among the upper and lower part was not significant. The total solar radiation is 4854.70-4943.16MJ·m2, and the most daily amount was up to 31.63 MJ·m-2.The annual precipitation was 418 - 445mm, and the change rules of relative humidity and precipitation were consistent. The dry and wet season of the study area was clear. Soil temperature and air temperature trends were the same and showed a single peak curve. The ground temperature was the lowest and had large amplitude in each layer. The annual variation range of soil water content was between 2.37 and 15.53%, and the change laws of soil water content were the same as that of precipitation and air humidity.