西藏麦地卡湿地自然保护区种子植物资源多样性

Diversity of Seed Plant Resources in Maidica Wetland Natural Reserve in Tibet

对麦迪卡湿地进行物种调查,统计其植物资源类型,为当地植物资源保护提供科学基础数据。通过对麦迪卡湿地植物物种进行线路和样地调查,采集植物标本,编制植物名录,统计分析区域内植物资源的组成和类型。麦迪卡湿地有种子植物304种,隶属于39科130属,其中有单子叶植物9科、23属、56种,双子叶植物30科、107属、248种,双子叶植物所占比重较大,分别占总科、属、种的76.92%、82.31%、81.58%。根据植物资源用途主要将麦地卡湿地植物分为7类,其中有药用植物91种、饲料植物42种、蜜源植物26种、纤维植物18种、食用植物14种、油脂植物13种、淀粉及糖类植物9种,以药用植物最为丰富,隶属于23科、54属,占总种数的29.93%。麦迪卡湿地植物资源类型较为丰富多样,但由于当地生境脆弱、气候条件恶劣,植物资源易受干扰且难以恢复,应注意植物资源的有效保护。

The species investigation of Maidica wetland was carried out and the type of plant resources was counted to provide scientific basis data for the protection of local plant resources.Through the line and sample land investigation of the Maidica wetland species, plant specimens＇ collection and the compilation of plant list, the composition and types of plant resources in the region were statistically analyzed. There were 304 species in Maidica wetland, belonging to 39 families and 130 genera. Among them, there were 9 families, 23 genera and 56 species of mono cotyledon, and 30 families, 107 genera and 248 species of Dicotyledonous plant, and the proportion of dicotyledonous plants was larger and accounted for 76.92%, 82.31%, 81.58% of the general family, genera and species, respectively. Based on the use of plant resources, the plants were divided into 7 categories which illustrated that there were 91 species of medicinal plants, 42 species of fodder plants, and the species of nectariferous plants, fiber plants, edible plants, oil plants and starch and saccharides were 26, 18, 14, 13, respectively. The medicinal plants were the most abundant, belonging to 23 families and 54 genera and accounting for29.93% of the total species. The types of plant resources in Maidica wetland are quite rich and various, however, because of the vulnerability of local habitats and poor climate conditions,plant resources are easily disturbed and difficult to recover, which indecates the effective protection of plant resources should be paid attention to.