基于眼动实验方法的城市开敞空间视觉研究——广州花城广场案例

A Visual Analysis on the Urban Open Spaces: With an Eye-tracking Experiment on the Case Study of the Flower City Square, Guangzhou

以广州花城广场为案例,通过设计以认知地图、照片拍摄以及眼动实验环节的视觉研究方法,对花城广场的空间感知进行分析。结果表明:1)通过分析认知地图以及眼动数据可以发现,认知地图中高频率出现的要素和眼动实验得出的参与者感兴趣要素相一致,花城广场的建筑物、边界、场所和区域是参与者比较感兴趣的要素,以上要素在眼动实验中首次进入时间短,在认知地图中出现频率高;2)通过分析注视点注视时间热点图,可以得出在城市开敞空间的规划中应注重建筑物、构筑物、装置和场地的合理结合,注重空间层次和空间秩序,注重营造场所的规划设计结论。在应用上,照片拍摄、眼动实验等视觉的神经科学研究方法的使用可以为城市开敞空间的规划设计提供公众参与的新思路。

Based on the case of the Flower City Square in Guangzhou, this research is dedicated to analyze the spatial perception of the Square through the visual methodologies of cognitive map, photo shooting and eye-tracking experiment. The research results are as follows： 1） Through the analysis of the cognitive map and the data of eye-tracking experiment, the consistency of elements appeared in the cognitive map with high frequency and the elements that attract the participants in the eye-tracking experiment can be found. In this case, it can also be found that the buildings, boundaries, places and areas of the Flower City Square were the most interesting factors for participants, which had a shorter first fixation time in eye-tracking experiments and appeared more frequently in cognitive maps; 2） By analyzing the hotspot graph of fixation point and time, some suggestions on urban planning and design can be proposed： the reasonable combination of buildings, structures, installations and sites should be emphasized during the process of city open space planning, and more attention should be paid to spatial hierarchy, space order and place construction. In addition, the use of neuroscience research methods such as photography and eye-tracking experiments can provide new prospective for public participation in urban open space planning and design.