厦门市同安区生态安全格局构建

Construction of Ecological Security Pattern of Tong'an District, Xiamen City

以厦门市同安区为例,运用遥感生态指数开展生态质量评价,并基于多期数据判断生态质量稳定性,识别生态源地;选取土地覆被、植被覆盖、地形坡度和距水域距离等因子构建生态阻力基面,并采用夜间灯光数据修正人类活动对生态阻力值的影响;进而运用最小累积阻力模型构建生态阻力面,识别生态缓冲区、廊道和节点,构建城市生态安全格局。研究表明:1)2006、2010和2015年同安区RSEI指数分别为0.577 3、0.664 8和0.6329,生态质量均处于良等,但在2006—2015年间出现先上升后略微下降的变化。2)同安区生态安全格局由生态源地高、中、低3级缓冲区,44条源间廊道和20个生态节点组成。其中,生态源地总面积为293.19 km2,占全区总面积的44.12%。高、中、低3级缓冲区面积分别为478.81、99.52和83.36 km2,分别占全区面积的72.36%、15.04%和12.60%。3)提出以生态安全格局为基础构建"生态安全屏障—廊道—基质"的生态保护框架,为城镇开发提供参考。基于遥感生态指数综合识别的生态源地,具有高生态系统服务价值和高生态敏感性,分布与重要生态功能区基本一致,可为生态安全格局源地识别方法提供参考。

Taking Tong’an District of Xiamen City as an example, the study assessed the ecological environment quality by remote sensing ecological index （RSEI） based on RS technology. Based on GIS, we constructed the ecological security pattern in Tong’an District of Xiamen City. The ecological source was identified according to stability of the ecological environment quality by analyzing the multi-period ecological environment quality evaluation results. The ecological resistance base surface was constructed by integrating land cover, vegetation coverage, topography, and river system, also DMSP/OLS nighttime light data were used to correct the impact of human activities on the ecological resistance value. Based on the minimum cumulative resistance model, the ecological resistance surface was constructed and the ecological buffer zone, corridors and nodes were identified. The results showed that： 1） the RSEI of Tong’an District was 0.577 3, 0.664 8 and 0.632 9 in 2006, 2010 and 2015 respectively. The ecological quality was in good condition in these three years, wheresa RSEI increased from 2006 to 2010, then decreased from 2010 to 2015. 2） We constructed the urban ecological security pattern, including corridors between ecological sources, ecological nodes, river corridors and road protection corridors. 44 corridors between ecological sources and 20 ecological nodes were identified by analyzing the ecological resistance surface based on the GIS hydrological analysis module. The ecological source region, with excellent and stable ecological environment quality identified by the evaluations of 2006, 2010 and 2015, was about 293.19 km2, accounting for 44.12% of the whole area. The areas of high, moderate and low levels ecological security,divided according to the frequency statistics of the resistance value of the ecological resistance surface, were about 478.81, 99.53 and 83.36 km2 and accounting for 72.36%, 15.04% and 12.60% respectively. DMSP/OLS nighttime light data were used to revise the interference of human activities on ecological process. 3） Putting forward a framework for ecological protection, which based on the ecological security pattern, was composed of ecological safety barrier, corridor and matrix, provided reference for urban construction plan and rational development of urban development. The ecological source region with high ecosystem service value and high ecological sensitivity, was identified by RSEI. The ecological source region and the important ecological functional region had same distribution. The ecological source region identified based on RSEI, provided a reference for ecological source identification.