再分配在社会政策中扮演的角色

The Role of Redistribution in Social Policy

该文是英国社会福利理论与社会政策奠基人Richard M.Titmuss一篇经典文献。该文首次将现代社会福利体系划分为"社会福利、财政福利和职业福利"三种类型,首次从面向全民的普惠性与局限穷人的选择性社会服务角度,充分论证了社会福利体系与社会政策在现代社会生活中发挥的重要的再分配功能,深刻分析了选择性和局限于穷人福利服务的致命性缺陷,有力地说明了全民性和普惠性社会服务发挥的积极性和建设性再分配的作用,充分肯定"福利国家"和全民性、普惠性社会福利制度的社会基础地位,尤其是富有远见和发人深省地指出社会政策分析对象应由直观可见、直接性和即时性现象,转变为看不见、间接性和长期长远性影响,凸显社会政策总体性、宏观性、战略性、系统性、福利性、建设性、长期性、再分配性和自我实现预言等本质特征,这对实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦和全面建成小康社会的中国来说,具有无比重要现实意义、理论、政策、制度建设和历史借鉴意义。

This article is a classic document of Richard m.Titmuss,founder of social welfare theory and social policy.Modern social welfare system in this paper,divided into"social welfare,financial benefits and professional welfare"three types for the first time,fully demonstrates the function of social welfare system and social policy in the redistribution of modern social life from the perspective of universality and selectivity that limits the poor for the social service;analyzes deeply the fatal defects of selectivity that limits the poor for the welfare services;illustrates effectively the positive and constructive redistribution role played by a national social services;fully affirm the social fundamental role of the welfare state and the universal,inclusive social welfare system.In particular,it is insightful to point out that social policy analysis objects should be transformed into invisible,indirect and long-term effects from visual,direct and immediate.And highlights the general,macroscopic,strategic,systematic,welfare,constructive,long-term,redistributive and self-fulfilling prophecy characteristics.This is of great significance for the realization of the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects.