生态文明视角下违法捕捞的制度困境及治理对策——以伏季休渔制度为例

The System Dilemma and Governance Measures of Illegal Fishing from the Perspective of Ecological Civilization

伏季休渔制度具有与生态文明一致的内涵与价值取向,是推进海洋生态和渔业资源可持续发展的现实要求。然而屡禁不止的违法捕捞现象却大大地削弱了伏季休渔制度的资源养护作用。将伏季休渔制度纳入到"多重逻辑"的分析框架当中发现,"国家的逻辑"使制度所出现"漏洞"还未能得到有效的弥补,"科层制的逻辑"所带来的选择性、运动式执法则让制度的执行存在"缝隙"。而渔民"理性的逻辑"则在制度"漏洞"的驱动之下,利用制度执行所出现的"缝隙"进一步采取行动,形成了违法捕捞屡禁不止的治理困境。基于此,在政策措施上要构建多层次、多样性的治理机制,并将福利治理纳入政策制定的视野当中;与此同时,还要具有针对性地构建起全面、符合实际的自下而上反馈机制,不断完善与制度相关的配套政策,注重制度执行最后一公里问题,建设更加强大、完善的执法力量。

The summer fishing moratorium system has the same connotation and value orientation as the ecological civilization, which is the realistic requirement for promoting the sustainable development of marine ecology and fishery resources. However, repeated illegal fishing has greatly weakened the resource conservation function ofthe summer fishing moratorium system. Incorporating the summer fishing moratorium system into the analytical framework of multiple logic,we found that ＂the logic of the country＂ has not effectively closed ＂ loopholes＂ in the system, and the selective and campaign style law enforcement brought about by the ＂hierarchical logic＂ has caused a ＂ gap＂ in the implementation of the system. The fishermen＇s ＂rational logic＂, driven by the ＂loopholes＂ in the system, exploits the ＂gap＂ in the implementation of the system to take further actions, resulting in the governance dilemmas of the illegal fishing. On the basis of this, in terms of policy, we should build a multi level and diverse governance mechanism and incorporate the welfare governance into the policy making. At the same time,it is necessary to establish a comprehensive and realistic bottom-up feedback mechanism, constantly improve the matching policies related to the system, pay attention to the system implementation in the urgent problems,and build a powerful law enforcement force.