板栗绿天牛生物学特性及为害规律研究

Research on Biological Characteristics and Hazard Law of Chinese Chestnut Green Long-horned Beetle

板栗绿天牛Chelidoniumsp.是近几年在旬河流域发现并严重影响该区板栗丰产稳产的蛀干害虫。在旬河流域采用定点观察和面上调查相结合的方法,开展了板栗绿天牛生物学特性及发生为害特点研究,揭示了不同坡向、坡位和不同海拔高度的板栗园板栗绿天牛发生为害规律。板栗绿天牛在秦岭南坡旬河流域2年发生1代,跨3个年头;以小幼虫和老熟幼虫越冬,幼虫期长达22个月;4月下旬化蛹,5月下旬至6月上旬成虫羽化,6月上旬产卵,7月份中旬可见初孵幼虫;当年取食至11月下旬,以小幼虫越冬,此时体长达16～20mm。第二年3月恢复取食,直到9月底。10-11月,老熟幼虫于被害枝(干)内蛀食蛹室和羽化孔道,然后越冬,此时体长43～60mm,淡黄色。板栗绿天牛低海拔为害一般重于高海拔地区,阴坡为害重于阳坡,下坡为害重于上坡。并根据初步研究防治技术提出了防治建议。

Chestnut is one of the main economic tree species in the Qin-Ba mountainous area in the Shaanxi Province. It is also a pillar industry in the region and an important income source for local people. It plays a very important role in promoting regional economic development and the people to get rich. Chestnut green beetle （ Chelidonium sp.） is in recent years in Xunhe River Basin found to be the serious stem borers affecting the yield. Therefore, Chelidonium sp. biological characteristics and incidence and damage characteristics were studied by fixed-point observation and overall investigation in the Xunhe River Basin. The incidence of Chelidonium sp in relation to different slopes, slope positions and different altitudes were revealed. Chelidonium sp produces 1 generation in 2 years spanning to 3 years and spend over winter in small larvae and mature larvae. The larval period can last for 22 months. In late April it appears as pupation and as eclosion in late May to early June, spawning in Mid June to late and visible early larvae appears in mid July. It keeps feeding till the late November and changes into small larvae over through the winter, the body 16~20 mm in length. In March of second year, it resumes feeding until the end of September. From October to November, mature larvae in infested twigs （dry） makes the pupal chamber and emergence holes for wintering. At this stage its body is up to 43~60 mm in pale yellow. The hazard caused by Chelidonium sp. is more severe in low altitude, shade slope and down slope. The preliminary control technology and prevention measures are put forward.