科学哲学视域下的库恩科学发展理论

Kuhn's Theory of Science Development from the Perspective of Science Philosophy

在库恩的科学哲学视域中,他的科学发展理论最基本的概念是"范式"。在此概念的基础上,库恩提出了自己关于科学发展的动态模式理论,即科学发展的结构从"前范式科学"开始,中间先后经过"常规科学"和"科学革命"两个阶段,到"新常规科学"结束。此科学发展理论一经公开,便在学术界引发了轩然大波。面对学界的批判和质疑,库恩一生不断对其进行修正和完善。所以,辩证地分析库恩的科学发展理论,有助于确证其理论的合理性和科学性,并以之为科学哲学学科的发展提供一些有益的启示。

In the perspective of Kuhn＇s science philosophy, the most basic concept of his theory of science development is “paradigm”. On the basis of this concept, Kuhn puts forward his own dynamic model theory of science development. That is, the structure of science development begins with “pre-paradigm science”, goes through two stages of “conventional science” and “scientific revolution”, and ends with “new conventional science”. Once this theory of science development was published, it caused uproar in the academic world. In face of academic criticism and questioning, Kuhn constantly revised and improved it. Therefore, analyzing dialectically Kuhn＇s theory of science development helps to confirm the rationality and scientificity of his theory, and provides some useful enlightenment for the development of the discipline of science philosophy.