中国旅游气候适宜性评价研究

Study on the Evaluation of Tourism Climatic Suitability in China

利用 1960 2014年 中国2479个气象站资料，从白天雨量占比、白天雨日占比及日照时长的评价标准等方面，对Mieczkowski提出的旅游气候指数模型进行了完善，构建了旅游气候适宜性指数（TCSI）。通过对中国20个旅游城市的检验表明，在不考虑景观特色时，TCSI在时间、空间上能准确、精细地表征旅游气候的适宜性，对避暑避寒地、滨海旅游地等具有较好的适宜性描述。利用TCSI对中国旅游气候资源精细化分析结果表明， 5 9月 我国大部分地区为 适宜 非常 适宜区域，占比稳定在92%以上；而冬季适宜区范围较小，40°N以北的地区基本不适宜旅游。在各分项因子中，热舒适性因子在冬、夏季贡献较显著，降雨、日照、风效因子在不同季节对不同地区的贡献差异较大。

Using the observation data from 1960 to 2014 for 55 years of the 2479 meteorological stations in China, the daily rainfall ratio, the proportion of daily rainfall days, and the criteria of the sunshine hours etc. are all considered, the model of tourism climatic index by Mieczkowski is perfected, and then the tourist climatic suitability index（TCSI） is conducted.Through the test of the 20 tourist cities in China, the results show that TCSI can accurately and finely characterize the tourism climatic suitability in time and space. Without considering the landscape features, it can describe well the summer and winter comfortable climate, the coastal tourism climate etc. The tourism climatic resources are analyzed in Chinese with the TCSI, the results show that almost the whole China is suitable and very suitable from May to September, the suitable area is more than 92%. In winter, the range of the suitable area reduces quickly , and the area of the north of 40°N belongs to the unsuitable tourism region. Of each sub-factor, the thermal comfort factor contributes significantly in winter and summer, and the contribution of the rainfall, sunshine and wind efficiency factor in different seasons is different.