2016年山东省15个海水增养殖区氮磷分布及其结构特征

Distribution and Structure of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Nutrients of 15 Seawater Culture Areas in Shandong Province,2016

氮、磷是海洋生物生长所需要的重要营养元素,其变化对海水增养殖区生态系统结构和功能有着重要影响.文章根据2016年3月、5月、8月及10月的监测资料,分析了山东省15个海水增养殖区氮、磷分布特征,结果表明：DIN浓度范围0.00730~2.20mg/L,平均值0.192mg/L,68.0%的站次浓度介于0.05~0.2mg/L之间,渤海湾、莱州湾养殖区浓度普遍高于黄海养殖区;PO4-P浓度范围0~0.0895mg/L,平均0.00598mg/L,81.9%的站次浓度介于0.001~0.015mg/L之间,约2/3水域为磷限制性贫营养状态.表层、底层海水DIN与PO4-P浓度无明显差异;NO3-N、NO2-N、NH4-N占比分别为68.91%、6.82%、27.27%,NO3-N是DIN的主要存在形式;夏季NH4-N形态比例最高,平均占比36.5%;N/P原子质量比范围1.6~2532.3,主要范围在10~40,渤海养殖区N/P比明显高于黄海养殖区;DIN分布主要受陆源径流输入影响;PO4-P水平分布无明显规律.

Nutrient salt is the material basis of marine biological activities,and its change has animportant influence on the structure and function of aquaculture ecosystem. Based on the monitoring data of March, May, August and October, 2016, the distribution characteristics of nitrogenand phosphorus of 15 seawater culture areas in Shandong were analyzed and discussed. Theresults showed that the concentrations of DIN ranged from 0. 0073 mg/L to 2.20 mg/L with anaverage content of 0. 192 mg/L. The DIN concentrations were between 0.05 mg/L and 0.2 mg/L in 68% of the survey stations,and were generally higher in the culture areas of Bohai Bay andLaizhou Bay than that in Yellow Sea culture area. The concentrations of PO4- P ranged from0. 0073 mg/L to 0. 0895 mg/L with an average content of 0. 00598 mg/L. The PO4- P concentrations were between 0. 001 mg/L and 0.015mg/L in 81.9% of the survey stations. And about 66% of the survey area was in phosphorus restricted poor nutrient condition. No significant differencesof the DIN and PO4-P concentrations were detected between the surface and bottom layer. Theproportions of NO3- N,NO2-N and NH4- N in DIN were 68. 91 %, 6.82 %and 27.27 %, respectively,and NO3- N was the main form of DIN. The proportion of NHI N in DIN was the highest in summer,with an average proportion of 36. 5%. Generally,the range of N/P ratios was from1. 6 to 2532.3,and the main N/P distribution range was from 10 to 40. The N/P ratios of the culture area in Bohai Sea were significantly higher than that in Yellow Sea. The distribution of DINwas mainly influenced by the terrestrial input. There was no obvious regularity in PO4- P horizontal distribution.