黄河三角洲区域泥螺入侵与扩散研究进展

Research Progress on Invasion and Dispersion of Bullacta exarata in the Yellow River Delta

莱州湾西岸作为黄河三角洲的重要组成部分,位于渤海沿岸,滩涂岸线长而广阔、海水有机物质丰富、饵料充足,为底栖动物的生长提供了优越条件.为探寻黄河三角洲区域泥螺入侵历史,梳理总结扩散现状,探讨对当地传统生物造成的危害,保护黄河三角洲生物多样性和生态系统稳定.文章对历史资料和相关文献进行汇总整理.结果显示：2001年前莱州湾以及黄河口附近海域均无泥螺分布,现有泥螺种群来源于2001年人工引种.在黄河三角洲区域,泥螺分布范围持续扩大,向北已扩展至滨州沿岸潮间带海域,局部区域最高密度达160ind/m2,被列为外来入侵物种,纳入了国家海洋局的生态监控体系中.泥螺与当地底栖贝类生物争夺营养和空间资源,产生种间竞争,导致种群生态位偏移.泥螺入侵成为优势种,建立了稳定的种群.

The west coast of Laizhou Bay is an important part of the Yellow River delta,lying on the coast of the Bohai Sea. Laizhou Bay possesses long and wide tidal flats coast,abundant organic matter and bait,which provides superior condition for benthonic animals growth.To know the in vasion history of B. exarata in the Yellow River Delta,summarized the current study on disper sion, explored the harm with local traditional biology, provided some foundation in the theoretical for biodiversity and ecosystem stability. The historical data and relevant papers were summaried. The result showed that there were no Bullacta exarata distribution in Laizhou Bay andYellow River estuary before 2001. Then available B. exarata population derived from the artificialintroduction in 2001. The distribution range of 13. exarata continued to expand from the region ofthe Yellow River Delta to the north of Binzhou coast intertidal area,with the highest density with160 ind/m2. Now B. exarata is listed as invasive species and included in the ecological monitoringsystem of the State Oceanic Administration. lnterspecific competition beween local benthic shellfish and B. exarata for nutrients and space resources has led to the latter population nicheshift. B. exarata has become the dominat species, built a stable population.